Ketones

Ketones are a significant class of organic compounds characterized by the presence of a carbonyl group (C=O), where a carbon atom is double-bonded to an oxygen atom and single-bonded to two other carbon atoms, represented structurally as R1-(C=O)-R2. They can be classified into aliphatic ketones, such as acetone and butanone, which tend to have lower molecular weights and higher volatility; aromatic ketones, like acetophenone, which contain aromatic rings; and heterocyclic ketones, such as furanone, which feature unique structures with distinct properties. Ketones exhibit various physical properties, including low volatility that decreases with increasing molecular weight, and they participate in numerous chemical reactions, including nucleophilic addition and reduction. They are widely used in industries for manufacturing solvents, coatings, and pharmaceuticals. However, safety is crucial, as ketones are often flammable and may pose health and environmental risks, necessitating adherence to safety regulations during their production and use.

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